Oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom which was originated from Germany during the World War I. Pleurotus ostreatus is commonly known as Oyster Shelf, Tree Oyster, Tamogitake and Straw Mushroom, is a mushroom very similar to Pleurotus pulmonarius with some differences. The cap of Oyster mushroom are broad and fan or oyster shape. Pleurotus ostreatus prefer temperate and sub-tropical climate. This fungi grows on dead hardwood trees.
History
It was firstly sophisticated in Germany during the World War I. It is grown economically in the world as a food. It is cultivated as similar to the king Oyster mushroom. These mushrooms are also used for industrial purposes. These fungi are cultivated worldwide generally in the India, South East Asia, Africa and Europe.
In the 18th century, Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin assigned the Oyster mushrooms in the Agarius family due to the presence of gills underneath the cap. In 1871, Paul Kummar, a German mucologist assigned the mushroom in Pleurotus family. Germany grew Oyster mushroom during World War I as a necessity food which discovered the antibiotic qualities of this mushroom.
Plant
The cap of Oyster mushrooms are broad, fan or oyster shape, convex and semicircular; 1-12 inches as a width and 1/2-1 ½ inches thick. The cap is white-gray or tan-dark brown in color. The gills are white to cream color. The spore print is white-liliac gray. It has white, firm and thick flesh.
Nutritional value
One cup of raw oyster mushroom provides about 28 calories and 0.35 grams of fat, 2.85 grams of protein and 2 grams of fiber. The same amount provides 361 mg of potassium, 0.095 grams of Vitamin B6 and 33 µg of folate. The nutrients found in the mushroom vary when accompanied with meat or bread. It could be sautéed, stir fried or added to various dishes such as roast, stew and salads.
Oyster mushrooms are mostly found in the Chinese foods. Due to its high amount of nutrients, it is widely popular. Oyster mushroom is sautéed with garlic and olive oil. They are loaded with various amounts of nutrients and vitamins which makes them a healthy diet. It is free from fat, cholesterol, gluten, low in calories and sodium. The iron found in Oyster mushrooms is high in comparison to the meat.
Maintain the levels of blood sugar
The insufficient amount of insulin in the body results in diabetes. The calcium is required for the insulin secretion. Vitamin D helps to reduce inflammation and raise the insulin sensitivity. The studies shows that Vitamin D helps to prevent both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Immunity system
Vitamin D helps to replicate the healthy cells and protects the autoimmune conditions such as flu and common cold. It also prevents the excessive or prolonged inflammatory responses. Inflammation is the cause for autoimmune disorders and chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, high blood pressure and digestive problems.
Cardiovascular conditions
Besides the balance of triglycerides and cholesterol levels, Vitamin B3 helps to reduce atherosclerosis that is hardening of arteries which may lead to the heart disease. It also assists to reduce the histamine production and inflammation along with the improvement in circulation.
Vitamin B3 reduces the chances of reoccurring of heart disease or cardiac arrest in those who have already experienced. Additionally, Vitamin B3 helps to treat pellagra which is the health condition that occurs from the deficiency of niacin.
Skin problems
Vitamin B3 which is in the form of niacinamide helps to clear acne when it is applied topically in the skin. Niacin assists in the reduction of flare ups, skin inflammation, redness and irritation. It also helps to treat granuloma annulare and bullous pemphigoid which is a skin disease that blisters the skin, cause pain and infection.
Brain health
The studies show that copper has an impact on the brain pathways such as galactose and dopamine which helps to maintain the energy, mood, focus and outlook. The deficiency of copper results in fatigue, low metabolic activity, poor mood and problem in concentration. Copper also helps to utilize the antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, Vitamin C, tyrosinase and ascorbate oxidase. This helps to prevent the damage made by free radicals in the brain and also slows down the process of ageing, neuro-degenerative diseases and cancer.
Cures anemia
An inadequate amount of oxygen in the blood, low red bloods cell production and the blood loss are the causes of Anemia. Vitamin B2 helps to prevent the anemia. Vitamin B2 is vital for production of red blood cells and steroid hormone synthesis. It assists in transporting the oxygen in the body and also mobilizes iron. The people with low Vitamin B2 have the high chances of sickle cell anemia and anemia. The research shows that Vitamin B2 helps to reduce the homocysteine levels in the blood.
Provides energy
Vitamin B converts the carbohydrate into glucose which is used as a fuel to produce energy. Vitamin B synthesizes the body and metabolizes proteins and fats. Vitamin B5 assist to rebuild muscles, tissues and organs. Vitamin B5 helps to maintain the optimum level of metabolism.
Prevents tooth decay
Vitamin D, phosphorus and calcium helps to form and maintain the dental health by assisting the jaw-bone mineral density, holding the teeth and tooth enamel. Children need calcium and phosphorus rich foods to develop the adult teeth and form the hard structure of teeth. Vitamin D requires phosphorus to balance the calcium and enhance absorption while forming tooth. Vitamin D reduces the gum inflammation which is related to periodontal gum disease.
Maintains mood
Neurotransmitter functions depend on the adequate amount of iron to maintain a positive mood. It also depends on the hormone balance such as dopamine, serotonin and others. So the deficiency of iron leads to bad sleep, poor mood, lack of motivation and low level of energy.
Alcoholism
Vitamin B1 assist to reduce the chances of brain disorder named as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome which includes nerve damage, muscle movement, problem in walking and lethargy. It is caused due to the low thiamine and poor diet but is usually seen in the alcoholics. The high intake of thiamine can reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawl.
Types of Oyster Mushroom
Some types of Oyester mushroom are listed below:
1. Golden Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus)
Golden oyster mushroom has distinct taste with delightful light yellow color. This mushroom is hypersensitive and low in productivity rate.
2. Pleurotus cornucopiae
The cap is cream colored during young and turns into yellowish to ochraceous when matured. The cap is funnel shaped with white inner flesh is white and mild taste.
3. Pink Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus djamor)
It is native to tropical and subtropical areas which has an exotic look. This mushroom has a color similar to the color of salmon flesh. In addition, it is thermo tolerant and is cultivated in warm weather.
4. Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster Mushroom)
It is easy to grow and has a therapeutical utility, less productive in comparison other types of Oyster mushrooms. In addition, It promotes the nutritive supplements same as rye grains or wheat.
5. Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom)
It was originated from the Greek word pleura which means side and otus which means ear. It is simple to be grown and various productive strains are found. It could be cultivated in any season. It progress well in low temperatures or high temperatures.
6. The Florida Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida)
This mushroom was originated from Florida. It is suitable to be grown in moist and warm weather. It is used traditionally all around the world.
7. Indian Oyster or Phoenix Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius)
This mushroom has the shape and color of human lungs. It consists of varieties such as var. lapponicus, var. juglandis and var. pulmonarius. Juglandis are found on Juglans spp. trees whereas other grow on the hardwoods as well as conifers beyond subtropical and temperate areas.
Best Recipes to Cook Those Oyster Mushrooms
These mushrooms are loaded with nutrition such as vitamins and minerals. Here are some of the recipes that helps to understand about the preparation of Oyster mushrooms.
1. Short And Simple, The Mushroom Soup
It is one of the best methods to use mushrooms in a soup. The mushrooms should be boiled and mixed in a mixer. The oil should be added to the pan and include the ingredients. Add butter as well as salt on a soup. The veggies could be added to make it more healthy.
2. Quick and Easy Tacos
It is a simple way to use Oysters. Take a pack of tacos and few vegetables with oyster mushrooms such as carrots, cheese, bell peppers and broccoli. Cut all the veggies into small pieces. Add little butter in a pan and then sauté vegetables. Then add pepper and salt the vegetables for a taste. Let it become cool. Now take tacos and add the mix on taco. Then serve.
How to Use Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms could be added to stir fry or sauté in the olive oil and garlic. It is a best replacement for portobello and button mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms enhance the taste of soups and sauces.
The supplements of Oyster mushroom could be found in the form of supplements. It could be taken in capsule form. It provides the same effect on cholesterol and also enhances an immune system. Two capsules in a day provides 200 mg of Oyster mushroom, when it is taken along with full glass of water or meal.
